磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)通常是用(yong)于(yu)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)的(de)動(dong)力(li)工(gong)具(ju)設(she)備或機(ji)床(chuang)。與其(qi)(qi)他(ta)機(ji)床(chuang)一樣,這是一種使(shi)用(yong)砂(sha)輪作為切(qie)(qie)削(xue)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)加工(gong)設(she)備。磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)作為一類工(gong)業動(dong)力(li)加工(gong)的(de)設(she)備,其(qi)(qi)特征在(zai)于(yu)砂(sha)輪用(yong)于(yu)從金(jin)屬表面(mian)切(qie)(qie)割或去(qu)除切(qie)(qie)屑。也(ye)可以定義為通過使(shi)用(yong)旋轉的(de)砂(sha)輪從工(gong)件表面(mian)進行金(jin)屬切(qie)(qie)削(xue)的(de)過程(cheng)。
磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)種類(lei)較多有外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、內圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、平面磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)等類(lei)型(xing),這里我(wo)們(men)主要介(jie)紹外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)和(he)無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)的區別。無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)加(jia)工效率高,可以(yi)一次加(jia)工多件(jian)零件(jian),外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)加(jia)工產品需要少量,但是外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)適合磨(mo)(mo)削較大(da)較長(chang)的工件(jian),且(qie)精度(du)也較為精準,不過各有特(te)點。下面,我(wo)們(men)就來介(jie)紹無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)與外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)的區別。
無心磨床與(yu)外圓磨床的區別(bie)
1、磨(mo)(mo)削原理:在外圓磨(mo)(mo)床上(shang)進(jin)行磨(mo)(mo)削加工時,是用以磨(mo)(mo)削軸類工件(jian)的外圓柱(zhu)、外圓錐和軸肩(jian)端面。無心(xin)磨(mo)(mo)床磨(mo)(mo)削加工時,有導輪(lun)(lun)和磨(mo)(mo)削輪(lun)(lun)兩個砂輪(lun)(lun),導輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)圓柱(zhu)形工件(jian)在墊鐵上(shang)轉動(dong),磨(mo)(mo)削輪(lun)(lun)對工件(jian)起到磨(mo)(mo)削作用。
2、加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du):無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)和外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)這兩(liang)類磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)要(yao)比(bi)精(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)話應該不能隨(sui)意定(ding)論(lun),兩(liang)種磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)都很(hen)精(jing)密(mi),主(zhu)要(yao)還得看(kan)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)產(chan)地和制造(zao)精(jing)度(du)(du),無(wu)心(xin)磨(mo)主(zhu)要(yao)針對批量的(de)(de)軸類產(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong),是由砂輪和導(dao)論(lun)的(de)(de)互相(xiang)擠壓磨(mo)削,零件轉(zhuan)動(dong)時沒有固定(ding)旋轉(zhuan)中心(xin),而外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)需要(yao)頂針固定(ding)零件,使它有繞軸心(xin)旋轉(zhuan)磨(mo)削。
3、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式:外圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時是要定(ding)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de),用頭尾(wei)架頂尖定(ding)心(xin)(xin)或用卡(ka)盤定(ding)心(xin)(xin)裝(zhuang)夾等等。無心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)是依靠外圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自旋轉加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由于不(bu)能(neng)定(ding)心(xin)(xin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)度(du)取決于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件本身的(de)(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)度(du),所以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)精度(du)不(bu)如外圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang),所以(yi)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)度(du)要求高(gao)一些的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件上無心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)先(xian)用外圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后再上無心(xin)(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)會好很多。
4、工(gong)件同(tong)(tong)心(xin)度(du):無心(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)與外(wai)圓磨(mo)床(chuang)同(tong)(tong)樣是研磨(mo)外(wai)圓,而外(wai)圓磨(mo)床(chuang)能保證工(gong)件的同(tong)(tong)心(xin)度(du),而無心(xin)磨(mo)床(chuang)在一般(ban)情況下是不能保證工(gong)件的同(tong)(tong)心(xin)度(du)要求。
5、磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)用(yong)途(tu):外(wai)(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)于成批軸類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)端面(mian)、外(wai)(wai)圓及(ji)圓錐面(mian)的(de)精密(mi)磨(mo)(mo)削,是適用(yong)于軍工(gong)(gong)、航天、一般(ban)精密(mi)機械加工(gong)(gong)車間批量(liang)較小,精度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較高(gao)的(de)軸類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)。無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適用(yong)范圍:用(yong)來對各(ge)種(zhong)圈類、軸類及(ji)管類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)圓柱面(mian)進行通拋(pao)光。對各(ge)種(zhong)階梯、錐形(xing),無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)于各(ge)種(zhong)圓柱零(ling)件(jian)(jian)、環(huan)形(xing)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)進行通磨(mo)(mo)磨(mo)(mo)削,以及(ji)對圓錐體零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)切(qie)入(ru)磨(mo)(mo)削等。
6、磨(mo)床結構:外圓磨(mo)床由床身(shen)與工作臺、砂輪架(jia)(jia)、頭(tou)架(jia)(jia)、磨(mo)架(jia)(jia)、縱向(xiang)(xiang)進給手(shou)輪、橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)進給手(shou)輪、換向(xiang)(xiang)擋板等(deng)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)件構成。而無(wu)心磨(mo)床主(zhu)要是由機身(shen)、砂輪架(jia)(jia)、導輪、頭(tou)架(jia)(jia)、主(zhu)軸單元式結構、主(zhu)軸拉桿自動裝刀系統等(deng)部(bu)(bu)件組成。
7、磨床(chuang)特(te)點:外圓(yuan)磨床(chuang)的砂(sha)輪主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)承采(cai)用(yong)錐(zhui)形成型油楔動*承、砂(sha)輪主軸(zhou)在低速是仍(reng)具有高的軸(zhou)承剛度(du)。無心(xin)磨床(chuang)其主要特(te)點為通(tong)用(yong)性好、模塊程度(du)化高、精(jing)度(du)和剛性高,以(yi)及無心(xin)磨床(chuang)的工(gong)作(zuo)效率高。
無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)與外圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)較大的(de)區(qu)別就(jiu)是無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)可(ke)以不(bu)用(yong)夾具(ju),只(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)刀板承(cheng)托工(gong)件(jian),還多一只(zhi)(zhi)導輪(lun)帶動工(gong)件(jian)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue),不(bu)過外圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)不(bu)用(yong)刀板就(jiu)要用(yong)頂(ding)尖和夾具(ju)來(lai)裝(zhuang)夾工(gong)件(jian)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue),外圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)只(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)砂輪(lun)而(er)不(bu)需導輪(lun)。
本(ben)文介紹(shao)了無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)床與(yu)(yu)外(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)床的(de)(de)共(gong)同點與(yu)(yu)區(qu)別,同樣是(shi)磨(mo)(mo)床設備(bei)的(de)(de)無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)床和外(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)床都采用砂輪(lun)進(jin)行磨(mo)(mo)削加工操(cao)作,不過也是(shi)有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)各類工件加工上區(qu)別,無(wu)心磨(mo)(mo)適合(he)批(pi)量的(de)(de)生產,外(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)適合(he)高精(jing)密(mi)的(de)(de)單(dan)件加工。關(guan)注我們百家號,了解更多關(guan)于磨(mo)(mo)床的(de)(de)知識和案(an)例。
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